Guide · Home insurance

Flood and earthquake: why they need separate coverage

Two of the most damaging risks are usually left out of standard homeowners policies. Knowing that before a loss is the whole point.

6 min read · Last reviewed 2026-10

What this means in your state

Choose your state

Select your state to see how this applies where you live.

Your state

Flood

FEMA states that most homeowners insurance does not cover flood damage and that flood insurance is a separate policy that can cover buildings, the contents in a building, or both.

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is managed by FEMA and delivered through a network of insurance companies. Private flood insurance may also be available.

There is typically a 30-day waiting period before an NFIP policy takes effect, so buying early matters.
You can check flood risk and find a provider at FloodSmart.gov.
Flood losses can happen outside high-risk zones, so risk is not limited to mapped areas.

Earthquake

Standard homeowners policies typically do not cover earthquake damage. Earthquake coverage is generally a separate policy or an endorsement, and deductibles are often higher. Availability and terms depend on your insurer and state.

How to decide

Look up your flood risk and ask your agent about flood and earthquake options for your address.
Read the exclusions in your current policy.
Compare coverage limits with what it would cost to repair or rebuild.
If you have a mortgage, ask your lender whether flood insurance is required.

Questions

Can I buy flood insurance when a storm is approaching?

NFIP policies typically take 30 days to take effect, so waiting until a storm is forecast is usually too late.

Is flood insurance only for high-risk areas?

No. Flood insurance can be purchased by property owners in participating communities, whether or not the property is in a high-risk zone.

Sources

Informational only. Rules and policy terms change and differ by state and insurer. Confirm details with your policy, your insurer or your state insurance department.

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